The post-modern philosophy of atheist meatheads for-themselves is a product of post-Darwinist educational developments and John Deweyianism plus a little B.F. Skinner behavorialism thrown in to the mix that renders virtually any though fundamentally meaningless and phenomenal.
When meaning is reduced to 'just the transmission of the genes' (that requires heterosexual 'marriage' of sperm and egg) and life experience is an abstract drive of deterministic biological requisites the mind and its contents are largely considered superfluous. Meathead theorists of politics believe that liberalism means the complete waveform collapse of rationalism into meaninglessness.
Liberalism of course did not advance by meathead philosophers seeking after nothingness but control by behavioral scientist-politicians. The Prophet Isaiah wrote of liberals in chapter 32 of Isaiah and the founders of numerous societies have sought after liberty. Their work and thought was actualized in the social dialectical realm that one might term 'the real world' even if it is a contingent construction of numerous points of view of personal experience.
The metaphysics of reality for-itself are rather complex. People have thought about it for several millennia, From Zhu Xi in 12th century China to Parmenides, Heraclitus and on to the 18h and 19th century German idealists the investigation of mind and its place in nature was subject to intense intro and extrospective thought. And yes, I cannot reasonably fail to mention Rene Descartes.
The modern foundation of analytic philosophy might be traced to Immanuel Kant and his Critique of Pure Reason and condensed version Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics that was summarized, synthesized and improved later by Arthur Schopenhauer in his 'Fourfold Roots of Reason'. That work is something like a great first half of a movie that one realizes is followed by a second half that is anti-climactic.
Bertrand Russell believed that atheists could live with strong moral principles even with the absence of faith in God. Russell seems something of an idealist innocent in retrospective comparison to post-modern American meatheads. The post-modern meat-heads have collapsed the idea of the possible value of moral principles too in their general stampede toward meaninglessness. What value might any natural laws or social morality present in language or logic flowing from human thought that could possess intrinsic extensional value?
This one natural regards Frederic Nietzsche-a kind of hero of the meathead movement, and his magnum opus 'Thus Spake Zarathustra'. If I had a tablet computer it would be convenient to abstract his book in a sketch with some logic symbolic notations added. A man that believes in the eternal recurrence of the Universe is recursively aware of the recurrence. Viewing a city from a lofty hill he disdains the moral structure of the city-civilization as meaningless. If one can view any society from a scientific detachment it is simple enough to regard the morality as phenomenal. Within the society however the moral order is simple a description of what people actual find acceptable in their social interaction, and they must have some interactive protocols by default.
Nietzsche believed that with the mystical insight of the eternal recurrence morality was superfluous and that the superior man would be completely without morality. Therein one finds the attraction by the post-modern meatheads in the common realm of the meaninglessness of morality.
Nazi Germany is sometimes held to have been a consequence of Aryan racial supremacy, yet in the true Neitzschian hierarchy of the amoral superman the Aryan herd appeal was simple a method to gain popular support by the truly amoral leadership running along in what amounts to a de facto ethic of personal egoism. Not even the Neitzschian eternally recurrent superman could appeal to popular support by saying that "I am far better than you cattle as a completely immoral individual, and I deserve your political support so I can ruthlessly exploit you to fulfill my will to power'.
Analytic philosophy developing from Kant through philosophers of logic and language did carefully research the relationships between words and objects and essentially anything that might be said about anything. They did not make words meaningless or purely phenomenal even if they did remove both empiricism and Platonic realism as inevitable parameters of lexicons and word ontology. Self-standing inter-referent lexical sets with meanings deriving from their own parameters, definitions and relations to internal and external referents were elaborated at the high point of 20th century linguistic philosophy by W.V.O. Quine.
One does not reach a meathead dead end with analytic and linguistic philosophy, and even metaphysical speculations are a kind of implicit aspect of cosmological thought today as one contrasts super-string theory, quantum mechanics, and the holographic principle. One might regard the many possible criteria of a transcendent God as the operator of monism yielding an occasional or perhaps infinite number of universes, or consider the phenomenal universe as a solid state physics phenomena generated epistemologically within a purely idealist context in modern terms upgraded from the Three Dialogues of Bishop Berkley.
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