I've written and read on the Internet more than a little, and commonly atheists a priori deny (categorically) any paradigm with Spirit or God in it as valid. In writing about monads and fundamental monism it is reasonable to consider spirit.
Monism with spirit at its heart tends to be arbitrarily opposed by atheists. The argument is given sometimes that spirit cannot be observed and therefor cannot exist, and one returns to that paradigm of needing to prove that something is materially observable or capable of being inferred from matter in order to potentially exist. That in despite the question being about what mass-energy-substance is in-itself.
I think that Leibniz might have named monads from the idea of monism. They were postulated to be one-dimensional or two-dimensional spiritual phenomenalities I seem to recall. With just a tiny potential for reason they could be assembled into the plurality of forms that make up the 'physical' universe. One virtually needs a theological background to contemplate philosophically how God who is pure spirit could create little 'bits' , monads, strings or whatever without quantifying His substance in some kind of structure with dimensions, yet of course Plotinus believed that God (he called God 'The One') had no need of physical dimensions or scale as might a Universe.
One can consider a quantum cosmology of course, yet regarding the nature of spirit donating form through possible monads it is difficult to say. Believers might regard God as capable of all kinds of things beyond the capacity or limits of either human minds or quantum structures that contain or channel energy (whatever it is for-itself in basic quantum denoument).
It is a paradox that the reasonable ideas of Leibniz on a philosophy of monads would be too often considered silly or heretical today by 'modern' 'enlightened' atheist 'philosopher' that have signed off simply on the materialism of Darwin and the meaninglessness of Dewey. Certainly physicists must search for proximal quantitative relationships for mass, energy and space, yet philosophers should be free to consider cosmology generally from a number of perspectives, forming of course opinions and making logical investigations where it seems worthwhile.
Leibniz actually invented mathematical logic and never published it. He tossed it in a drawer and his work was discovered long after his death. The philosophy of logic is a phenomenal construct itself, and even atheists ought not give up contemplation of paradigms of creation by the Spirit of the phenomenon of mass and energy. Perhaps logically they must yield that point as unbelievers-I haven't thought about that too much being of faith myself.
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