Feurbach,
Marx and Fichte were students of Hegel. The era of German romaticism
was in full swing with the idea of Socrates about irony and
subjectivity, relativism vs naive empiricism experiencing radical
development.
Apparently
Hegel in his criticism of Socrates felt that the negation of truth or
knowledge in outward social structures in favor of individuals
discovering the truth for-themselves, went to far, insofar as it left
everything negative and a vacuum. The romantics liked that and some
developed the concept so far as to be virtual nihilists with a
self-defining ego and the only meaningful fact.
Hegel
developed his idea of the historical dialect of the world spirit
realizing itself, and Marx and Engels followed along adapting the
paradigm to their own purposes. Hegel though was wrong about the
world spirit for several reasons, and off the mark about his
criticism of Socratic irony I think. Yet he was right that one should
have a positive doctrine (Marx tried to propound one, however the
positive doctrine should be conditional, contingent and pragmatic
rather than explicitly comprehensive and explanatory universally and
inclusive of the political environment.
Probably
Darwin came closer to actualizing a positive doctrine similar to
Hegel's evolving dialectic, yet without any sort of spiritual or
socially deterministic pretension. Evolution obviously does not
progress in a bifurcated dialectic yet is discrete, although all
within a unified physical law paradigm that is thermodynamically
deterministic.
I believe
that God set the Universe into being and transcends quantum
cosmological explanatory paradigms. So he may entail determinism and
indeterminism concurrently due to his omniscience and omnipotence.
Temporal points of view may aspire toward a reductionism that present
a political point of view as natural law. That generally would be in
error.
