With so much of the established media owned by the wealthy, and with limited opportunities for the public to comment, the political opinions seem to reflect the interests of market fundamental in international affairs rather than some variety of democratic constituent expression. It just happens that way.
American issues of Christianity, cosmology, politics, ecosphere, philosophy, contemporary history etc
02 September 2014
The Holy Spirit & Human Experience
The Holy Spirit is thought
of as one person of the Trinity. The word person is used in recognition of the
identity of an individual sentient being. With God though whom is the
transcending omnipotent, omniscient being the differentiation from monism to
pluralism is challenging to understand. One wonders what could differentiates
or forms boundaries within the being of God such that differences could exist
yet equally as well one might wonder how God could not have primary
differentiation in order to achieve better intellect or capacity such as one
finds in moving from monocular to binocular vision. The Holy Spirit is God, yet
so are the Father and the Son.
It is a little difficult to
describe the Holy Spirit without describing the Father and the Son for each
cohere within God and comprise the essential nature of God as a triune being
from whom all good things are made to exist (though one might have an opinion
that all things always exist in some nook within the infinite spatio-temporal,
non-spatio-atemporal- memory as reality -knowledge of God). The Holy Spirit is
held to have always existed as have the Father and Son.
Obviously scientists would
want find in that an interest in deconstructing a synthesis as they might find
a synthesis in the history of human R.N.A. and mitochondrial D.N.A. or the
evolution of a given government bureaucracy such as Homeland Security from
prior bureaucracies. The trinity though is something more than what a Nobel
Prize winning physicist wrote about phase changes generating new wholes
that are greater than the sum of the parts in a book called ‘Reinventing
Physics from the Bottom Up’. Existence and creation may be enabled because of
the complexity possible with the Trinity.
Albert Einstein had a friend
and fellow physicist (Paul Ehrenfrest) who discovered the principle that three
dimensions of space and one of time seems to be the ideal configuration for the
existence of atoms. With fewer dimensions of space atoms either could not exist
as complex structures and with more dimensions the formation of atoms would be
too difficult and simple motions would not be possible. Nuclear valence shells
would be obstructed by complexity; electrons could not orbit a nucleus and so
forth.
If atoms exist in three
dimensions of space it is possible that they are made up of one or two
dimensional strings at a very fundamental level. At a larger level membrane of
space-time may collide to generate energy or membranes of spatial dimensions
may intersect and move along creating an appearance of the passage of time for
humans or other sentient beings existing within the intersecting ‘branes’. In that context space ‘branes’ would have
field energy that generates complexity after collisions. That complexity seem
like a big bang and a Universe of particles could appear as detritus. That has
been compared to a collision in a particle accelerator. This is all natural
philosophy view by humanity within some existing realm willed by God to exist.
Various fields and branes, if they exist, would be pluralistic creations will
by God to exist. In the infinite power of God all things are possible including
an infinite generation of spatial membranes.
The Holy Spirit as one of
the trinity has a special role enabling communication with humanity and
providing grace unto humanity though the world is itself complex and
challenging to exist within. The Holy Spirit has more power than even gravity
to transcend the criterion of mass, for gravity acts without differentiation
upon all mass with only massless particles being uninfluenced by it, while the
Holy Spirit can act specifically upon individuals as the will of God deems. The
Trinity may be the way God interacts with all created things while for-himself
He just is.
God exists in a heterodox
fashion with things existing eternally one might guess as an essential
attribute. The Holy Spirit is God as are the Father and Son, yet one might also
regard the Holy Spirit from the perspective of existential relations of being-for-others.
In that sense one finds the Holy Spirit to be
little different-a Person of Holiness and excellence drawing human
beings toward the perfect and good, the true and righteous, to a directions
leading to fulfillment of the purposes of God. Through revelation human beings
learn of the Holy Spirit. It is only as created beings that humanity can regard
the Holy Spirit. What or how the Holy Spirit is for-himself or more accurately
what God is like for-himself human beings simply cannot know. The most close we
can get to that is through Jesus Christ, as Jesus informed us in his special
prayer of renormalization unto one-ness.
In order to provide a
measure of comparison of what I have written here to the historical context of
what has been written about the Holy Spirit I will provide a substantial quote
from a Christian historian on the Holy Spirit. It is interesting to see how a
writer’s knowledge-base affects his approaches for writing about a topic that
has existed for writers as a topic for millennia. It occurs to me for example,
that the problem of free will and determinism can be approached differently
today with string and atomic theory cosmology than during the early Christian
era, of course it wasn’t necessary to develop apologetics or replies to quantum
physics or the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle, General Relativity or quantum
teleportation in the first century A.D. With all of that it is illuminating to
consider that the Holy Spirit would seem to implicitly have an advantage in
acting within and through deterministic sectors of space-time mass and/or
energy configured as human life and human affairs. One also might wonder how
God can effect deterministic space-time mass or energy once it is set in
motion. Though brane theory can negate the need for local brane motion when the
appearance of motion can arise through intersecting, traveling branes, some
motion does seem to exist at at least one meta-level of brane existence or in a
variegated field of branes. With the uncertainty principle perhaps arising
because of the difference in space-mass-energy configurations on intersecting
branes yet at any rate required for freedom-of-movement within an overall
deterministic field, the Holy Spirit can act directly beyond and through any
given configuration of branes, entangled mass energy, fields, strings or other
atomic structure…helpful indeed for the fallen and lost human race.
Holy Spirit (page 503) and
the Trinity (page 507) in volume 2 of Schaff’s History of the Christian Church; (in the public domain).
Quote-“The doctrine of the Holy Spirit was far less developed, and until the
middle of the fourth century was never a subject of special controversy. So in
the Apostles’ Creed, only one article is devoted to the third person of the
holy Trinity, while the confession of the Son of God, in six or seven articles,
forms the body of the symbol. Even the original Nicene Creed breaks off
abruptly with the words: "And in the Holy Spirit;" the other clauses
being later additions. Logical knowledge appears to be here still further
removed than in Christology from the living substance of faith. This period was
still in immediate contact with the fresh spiritual life of the apostolic,
still witnessed the lingering operations of the extraordinary gifts, and experienced
in full measure the regenerating, sanctifying, and comforting influences of the
divine Spirit in life, suffering, and death; but, as to the theological
definition of the nature and work of the Spirit, it remained in many respects
confused and wavering down to the Nicene age.
Yet rationalistic historians go quite
too far when, among other accusations, they
charge the early church with making the
Holy Spirit identical with the Logos. To confound the functions, as in
attributing the inspiration of the prophets, for example, now to the Holy
Spirit, now to the Logos, is by no means to confound the persons. On the
contrary, the thorough investigations of recent times show plainly that the
ante-Nicene fathers, with the exception of the Monarchians and perhaps
Lactantius, agreed in the two fundamental points, that the Holy Spirit, the
sole agent in the application of redemption, is a supernatural divine being,
and that he is an independent person; thus closely allied to the Father and the
Son yet hypostatically different from them both. This was the practical
conception, as demanded even by the formula of baptism. But instead of making
the Holy Spirit strictly coordinate with the other divine persons, as the
Nicene doctrine does, it commonly left him subordinate to the Father and the
Son.
So in Justin, the pioneer of scientific
discovery in Pneumatology as well as in Christology. He refutes the heathen
charge of atheism with the explanation, that the Christians worship the Creator
of the universe, in the second place the Son, in the third
the prophetic Spirit; placing the three
divine hypostases in a descending gradation
as objects of worship. In another
passage, quite similar, he interposes the host of good
angels between the Son and the Spirit,
and thus favors the inference that he regarded the Holy Ghost himself as akin
to the angels and therefore a created being. But aside from the obscurity and
ambiguity of the words relating to the angelic host, the coordination of the
Holy Ghost with the angels is utterly precluded by many other expressions of
Justin, in which he exalts the Spirit far above the sphere of all created
being, and challenges for the members of the divine trinity a worship forbidden
to angels. The leading function of the Holy Spirit, with him, as with other
apologists, is the inspiration of the Old Testament prophets. In general the
Spirit conducted the Jewish theocracy, and qualified the theocratic officers.
All his gifts concentrated themselves finally in Christ; and thence they pass
to the faithful in the church. It is a striking fact, however, that Justin in
only two passages refers the new moral life of the Christian to the Spirit, he
commonly represents the Logos as its fountain. He lacks all insight into the
distinction of the Old Testament Spirit and the New, and urges their identity
in opposition to the Gnostics.
In Clement of Alexandria we find very
little progress beyond this point. Yet he calls
the Holy Spirit the third member of the
sacred triad, and requires thanksgiving to be addressed to him as to the Son
and the Father.
Origen vacillates in his Pneumatology
still more than in his Christology between
orthodox and heterodox views. He
ascribes to the Holy Spirit eternal existence, exalts him, as he does the Son,
far above all creatures and considers him the source of all charisms,
especially as the principle of all the illumination and holiness of believers
under the Old Covenant and the New. But he places the Spirit in essence,
dignity, and efficiency below the Son, as far as he places the Son below the
Father; and though he grants in one passage that the Bible nowhere calls the
Holy Spirit a creature, yet, according to another somewhat obscure sentence, he
himself inclines towards the view, which, however he does not avow that the Holy
Spirit had a beginning (though, according to his system, not in time but from
eternity), and is the first and most excellent of all the beings produced by
the Logos.
In the same connection he adduces three
opinions concerning the Holy Spirit; one regarding him as not having an origin;
another, ascribing to him no separate personality; and a third, making him a
being originated by the Logos. The first of these opinions he rejects because
the Father alone is without origin (ἀγέννητος); the second he rejects because in Matt. 12:32 the Spirit is plainly distinguished from the Father
and the Son; the third he takes for the true and scriptural view, because
everything was made by the Logos. Indeed, according to Matt. 12:32, the Holy Spirit would seem to stand
above the Son; but the sin against the Holy Ghost is more heinous than that
against the Son of Man, only because he who has received the Holy Spirit stands
higher than he who has merely the reason from the Logos.
Here again Irenaeus comes nearer than
the Alexandrians to the dogma of the perfect
substantial identity of the Spirit with
the Father and the Son; though his repeated figurative (but for this reason not
so definite) designation of the Son and Spirit as the "hands" of the
Father, by which he made all things, implies a certain subordination. He
differs from most of the Fathers in referring the Wisdom of the book of
Proverbs not to the Logos but to the Spirit; and hence must regard him as
eternal. Yet he was far from conceiving the Spirit a mere power or attribute;
he considered him an independent personality, like the Logos. "With
God" says he, "are ever the Word and the Wisdom, the Son and the
Spirit, through whom and in whom he freely made all things, to whom he said, ’Let
us make man in our image, after our likeness.’ "But he speaks more of the
operations than of the nature of the Holy Ghost. The Spirit predicted in the
prophets the coming of Christ; has been near to man in all divine ordinances;
communicates the knowledge of the Father and the Son; gives believers the
consciousness of sonship; is fellowship with Christ, the pledge of imperishable
life, and the ladder on which we ascend to God.
In the Montanistic system the Paraclete
occupies a peculiarly important place. He
appears there as the principle of the
highest stage of revelation, or of the church of the
consummation. Tertullian made the Holy
Spirit the proper essence of the church, but subordinated him to the Son, as he
did the Son to the Father, though elsewhere he asserts the "unitas
substantiae." In his view the Spirit proceeds "a Patre per
Filium," as the fruit from the root through the stem. The view of the
Trinity presented by Sabellius contributed to the suppression of these subordinatian
ideas.
§ 149. The Holy Trinity.
Comp. the works quoted in §144,
especially Petravius, Bull, Baur, and Dorner.
Here now we have the elements of the
dogma of the Trinity, that is, the doctrine of the
living, only true God, Father, Son, and
Spirit, of whom, through whom, and to whom are
all things. This dogma has a peculiar,
comprehensive, and definitive import in the Christian system, as a brief
summary of all the truths and blessings of revealed religion. Hence the
baptismal formula (Matt.
28:19), which forms the
basis of all the ancient creeds, is trinitarian; as is the apostolic
benediction also (2
Cor. 13:14 ). This doctrine meets us in the Scriptures,
however, not so much in direct statements and single expressions, of which the
two just mentioned are the clearest, as in great living facts; in the history
of a threefold revelation of the living God in the creation and government, the
reconciliation and redemption, and the sanctification and consummation of the
world—a history continued in the experience of Christendom. In the article of
the Trinity the Christian conception of God completely defines itself, in
distinction alike from the abstract monotheism of the Jewish religion, and from
the polytheism and dualism of the heathen. It has accordingly been looked upon
in all ages as the sacred symbol and the fundamental doctrine of the Christian
church, with the denial of which the divinity of Christ and the Holy Spirit,
and the divine character of the work of redemption and sanctification, fall to
the ground.
On this scriptural basis and the
Christian consciousness of a threefold relation we
sustain to God as our Maker, Redeemer,
and Sanctifier, the church dogma of the Trinity
arose; and it directly or indirectly
ruled even the ante-Nicene theology though it did not
attain its fixed definition till in the
Nicene age. It is primarily of a practical religious nature,
and speculative only in a secondary
sense. It arose not from the field of metaphysics, but from that of experience
and worship; and not as an abstract, isolated dogma, but in inseparable
connection with the study of Christ and of the Holy Spirit; especially in
connection with Christology, since all theology proceeds from "God in
Christ reconciling the world unto himself." Under the condition of
monotheism, this doctrine followed of necessity from the doctrine of the
divinity of Christ and of the Holy Spirit. The unity of God was already
immovably fixed by the Old Testament as a fundamental article of revealed
religion in opposition to all forms of idolatry. But the New Testament and the
Christian consciousness as firmly demanded faith in the divinity of the Son,
who effected redemption, and of the Holy Spirit, who founded the church and
dwells in believers; and these apparently contradictory interests could be reconciled
only in the form of the Trinity; that is, by distinguishing in the one and
indivisible essence of God three hypostases or persons; at the same time
allowing for the insufficiency of all human conceptions and words to describe
such an unfathomable mystery.
The Socinian and rationalistic opinion,
that the church doctrine of the Trinity
sprang from Platonism and Neo-Platonism
is therefore radically false. The
Indian Trimurti, altogether pantheistic
in spirit, is still further from the Christian Trinity.
Only thus much is true, that the
Hellenic philosophy operated from without, as a stimulating force, upon the
form of the whole patristic theology, the doctrines of the Logos and the
Trinity among the rest; and that the deeper minds of heathen antiquity showed a
presentiment of a threefold distinction in the divine essence: but only a
remote and vague presentiment which, like all the deeper instincts of the
heathen mind, serves to strengthen the Christian truth. Far clearer and more
fruitful suggestions presented themselves in the Old Testament, particularly in
the doctrines of the Messiah, of the Spirit, of the Word, and of the Wisdom of
God, and even in the system of symbolical numbers, which rests on the
sacredness of the numbers three (God), four (the world), seven and twelve (the
union of God and the world, hence the covenant numbers. But the mystery of the
Trinity could be fully revealed only in the New Testament after the completion
of the work of redemption and the outpouring of the Holy Spirit. The historical
manifestation of the Trinity is the condition of the knowledge of the
Trinity.”-endquote
British P.M Cameroon Considers Expanding Censorship for ELites
I would hate to say that
P.M. Cameroon’s desire to rule the free speech of the masses is crude, crass
and rash. In the Internet era people are far more threatened by those who would
put chains on free speech rather by those who use hateful speech. If Brits
can’t say ‘off with the King’s head’ what is the world coming to?
Without free speech could
the French have had their revolution or Jacobean reaction to guillotine the
rich? Without free speech what kind of protest would reform Wall Street and
Footsie financial flummery? If it were illegal to even talk about substantive
removal of rich elites from cat-bird seats of opportunity would the masses have
any effective means of reform?
Banning political speech in
country A would require that Internet speech in country B be censored too. If
one has a Sir Queen running for P.M. yet it would be considered hateful to
point out that a homosexual politician is queering and blackmailing his, her or
its way to the top, but they report that in observant country B-won’t the P.M.
need to cut the wire from country B to country A in order to protect the
delicate political sensitivity of his country A flock?
British efforts to censor
hit Nathan Hale and Patrick Henry a little earlier in history when democracy
was just getting started. Sometimes the Brits never change and revert to
imperial form. Taming down the hateful masses cannot substitute for poor
immigration policy or the right-to-revolt against institutional hatred of the
masses whereby every word from the lips of an oppressive ruler is hateful to
the oppressed receiving it.
Given the right incentives
such as Jacobite correction it is possible for economists and politicians to
keep a society in full employment, a good standard of living, conservation and
recovery of the ecosphere, a balanced budget and a narrow gap between the most
rich and the most poor in a society-without the proper incentives such as
decapitating failing leadership classes when economic indexes rise to
intolerable pre-set levels the elites just concentrate wealth and let business
go on as usual-that’s just the way it is sadly; the human condition has innate
greed, corruption and insatiable desire for immortal wealth for a mortal body
and of course they should instead be looking toward Jesus Christ.
The United States has for a century been malinfluenced by the Brits.
We should never have bailed them out in the First World War. If we had let the
war find a natural balance the Nazis and Second World War would never have
occurred like as not. American Presidents and Congress too often put themselves
into a Master-Blaster role of being the muscle for corrupt British P.M. brains
as Brits needed to recover from the loss of their imperial empire with American
military power. America should not send free speech down the way of the Buffalo course to oblivion. Free speech should roam free and
wild from border to border, sea to BP oil slickened shiny sea.
Across the globe there are
nations with censorship in place. Free speech is considered dangerous by establishments
that seek to retard change in order to conserve its place of power. The media
domination of broadcast media given by government to the wealthy is itself a
censorship of free speech of citizen pod cast user a priori-states should use
broadcast wavelengths with new technology for citizens pod cast time-slices. A
war to conserve free speech needs to be fought that finds new ways to increase
access of the masses to express it.
Hate speech lexicons defined
by establishment authorities necessarily conserve the power of those
authorities. Virtually anything can be marked as hate language with criteria
determined by the state or corporate authority and that is quite dangerous. A
writer might use one hate word variable per 5000 words of high quality material
and find the entire essay deleted-and that retards social development and
citizen participation as peers in society. How can neighbor A say to neighbor B
‘I have the right to limit what you say to words that are not hateful?” How may
a government implement speech controls through the rubric of hate speech
censorship and not be worthy of deletion itself?
The internet reaches more
than 180 nations-each with different ideas about what speech is hateful and
different constituencies with different opinions about what speech is hateful.
Keep in mind that words are just representative symbols with no implicit value
as sounds. It is only within a given culture that the meaning of a word can be
a referent to a designated object or event-process and be more than noise.
Cultural freedom to make noises with referent objects is requisite for a
better-than-simian social environment. Prime Minister Cameron is wrong to take Britain down the long and winding road to the chimp heaven
of state censorship. Every nation on Earth will need to convene to form a
standardized lexicon of hate speech words and phrases with translations into
every language in order that one may liberally ban the offending thousands of
words and lobotomize public thought effectively enough that the flock is free
from programmatic hate-speech by dissenters to hate Britain too.
In the United States the federal judiciary has made something of a
mockery of democracy with vetoes of state bans on homosexual marriage-bans that
were approved by popular vote in referenda. Democracy was subverted by
corporatist judicial appointees and homosexuals to prove the point that the
people can’t really have democracy except to be yes-persons to the will of the
elites. To change that situation would require changing the constitution-a
cumbersome, expensive process easily thwarted by concentrated wealth elites and
their corporatist political minions…they want to impose language bans of hate
speech too.
A better way that censorship
might be to compel diversity of opinion in public forums dedicated to just one
side-such as jihadist Britains that want to kill or maim parliament and napalm
Windsor Castle etc. It is illegal in most places to advocate crimes or to form
a criminal conspiracy to commit crimes, yet that is a long way from just hate
speech saying that Tories suck or Labor have their heads up their arses (I
don’t know the except British epithets for that sort of expression-to some that
want steak and eggs, fish and chips is hate speech). Britain could experiment with compelling extremist web sites
to have hyperlinks and windows to opposite opinion sites instead of censorship.
If Saudi Arabia required
anti-Jewish web pages to have windows with Jewish women in Professorial robes
taking about the dangers of global warming or whatever I imagine that some of
the hate speech of Jews would be defrapped (as the French Christine Leguard
defrapped things like the world monetary fund that were frapped by Dominique
Strauss-Khan). Christine LeGuard should run for Prime Minister of Britain and
defrappe that. Plainly free speech should be increase so that Internet
troglodytes trolling just a few websites as people tend to do experience the
grand vistas of the Internet-maybe Bing’s nice pictures and lose some of the
rabidity that Prime Minister Cameron fears might be hateful.
Brits sometimes are
impractical in their impecuniary political selections because of greed. The Depr River ought to be a joint Ukraine Russian waterway
peacefully facilitating regional and even global trade and commerce with
tax-free barge traffic for business large and small. Instead P.M. Cameroon
might prefer to have all of the Ukraine and run a British barge line on the Dnepr for use of
which the Russians would pay dearly. To be fair and balanced though, American
Senator Menendez wants to donate free weapons to the Ukraine P.M. Billionaire
Poor-o-shingle. One would think that establishing a new college of Guerilla training for Europe might be in store with the proven success of the American College for Guerilla training in Syria and Iraq . Senator McCain might like to set up a bombing range
in the Ukraine area generally. He is a guy good to have on your
side when the foe attacks.
Hate speech censorship seems
like an anachronistic trick more suitable for Catherine the Great and Radischev
or other prior eras before the Internet was invented by Al Gore. Not only may
radio talk about droopery in private pictures taken by defunct newspapers such
as The Guardian, they report that hackers have got into Apple’s private
accounts and taken nude pictures of celebrities and posted them on the
Internet. They also said that anyone posting them (such as in Namibia ) will be prosecuted to the fullest extent of the law
in that jurisdiction of corporatism when the N.S.A. catches them.
Concentrating wealth through
corporatism gradually evolves a stagnant society with wealth given over to
uncreative heirs reinvesting in an existing, ossifying establishment. The
acceleration of the velocity of money through globalization and networking
reinforced with theories in support of market fundamentalism will petrify
social liberty, economic innovation and prohibit critical political change to
reply to environmental threats in a way satisfactory to the majority of the
people with a minority of global capital and political power. Concentration of
wealth and political power to prohibit free speech may bring about the end of
human life on earth, and I for one, would hate that.
29 August 2014
Is N.A.T.O. Harmful to European Security?
In the aftermath of the cold
war one can ask how N.A.T.O. is relevant to European security. After all
N.A.T.O. was formed in response to the post-World War Two chaos of Europe that was divided between the Soviet bloc and the west. When the dust
settled after Soviets rolled back the Nazis from the East and other allied
powers from the west Europe was divided from the core right at Berlin . Ordinary historical nationalism with grand
alliances and spheres of interest to control regions prevailed; militaries and
bureaucracies grew to power as rival economic meta-theories competed side by
side. N.A.T.O. was formed to coordinate the North Atlantic alliance ‘across the pond’. America agreed to defend Western Europe against, primarily, the Soviet Union though any existential threat to N.A.T.O. members
would be met by all.
Is N.A.T.O. still relevant in the post-cold war political and economic environment? Its foundation is one of conventional historical nationalism and international conventions rather than that of transcendental economies flowing beyond national borders with instant global communications, stock trades etc.
Since the Cold War, N.A.T.O. interventions have been out of phase with its reason for being. Intervening in the Yugoslav civil war was not an action in response to an attack on a N.A.T.O. member, neither was Kuwait a member of N.A.T.O., nor did Iraq attack a member of N.A.T.O. before several N.A.T.O. members joined the coalition of the willing to invade and occupy Iraq. It is difficult to say that the Afghanistan attacked a N.A.T.O. member. Instead Khalid Sheik Mohammed-a terrorist organizer from Baluchistan, designed a plan to crash planes into building across the U.S.A., the international terrorist organizer and financier Osama Bin Laden scaled back the plan and focused it upon New York and Washington D.C. and the Taliban provided refuge to the terrorists. The decision to send N.A.T.O. to occupy Afghanistan was the knee-jerk response-a policy that has been costly with uncertain long range results.
In the year 1994 while N.A.T.O. was bombing the heck out of Serbia Russian President Boris Yeltsin acting under Bill Clinton’s influence signed away the Ukraine. With uncertainty even as to who or what a hypothetical new Russian Federation would be or become in the post-Soviet new Russian order and without an effective military at his command Yeltsin gave up on the indefensible Ukraine. N.A.T.O. was not in disarray. The U.S. military forces in Europe and worldwide were primed and ready to attack a Soviet enemy that had dissolved. The power of a Yeltsin government to hold on to Ukraine was not existent. Like V.I. Lenin giving away Ukraine to a victorious Germany that had defeated the Tsar’s army as a land-for-peace deal, Yeltsin gave away Ukraine. Moral arguments of the west to hold on to all of the Ukraine are not well-founded. Instead they lie in force de majeure.
Western nations have historically sought to capture the Ukraine from Russia taking it like an overly burdensome fruit waiting on a branch for plucking. Swedes, Teutonic Knights, Napoleon, Kaiser Wilhelm and Adolph Hitler were prior aggressive warriors invading Russia. The Kaiser, like President Bill Clinton, possessed military power advantages over Russia and Boris Yeltsin like Vladimir Lenin before him signed away the Ukraine to buy a period of relief. This time Washington provided certain economic benefits yet those would not prevent a natural long-term effort for Russia to recover its missing limb. Russia is probably not planning an invasion of Paris or battle of Britain.
N.A.T.O. construction of long-range political instability that promotes curtailment of Russian-N.A.T.O. counter-terror and economic security is bad policy, yet that is the way bureaucracies surge ahead inertially as the most doctrinaire rise to the top pounding on the pulpit of paranoia. Democracy morphing to corporatism are run from the top-down like structuring programming language. The people of Ukraine probably want peace, security, prosperity and freedom and don’t care much who is running the government in an era when governments are run by and for elites- elites that don’t mind breaking a few hundred thousand eggs to make Wall Street omelets rise in value.
So today Russia is struggling to recover some of its Ukrainian possession or at least secure independence for Russians living in the region. N.A.T.O. Chief Rasmussen made grandiose, nationalistic form statements about international obligations of Russian (to give up the Ukraine). The natural Russian sphere of influence and security in Ukraine is targeted by anachronistic N.A.T.O. leadership. Without Russia as an enemy N.A.T.O. has little obvious reason to exist except perhaps to keep its own members in line.
One of the primary roles of N.A.T.O. is to defend not just against external threats but against internal threats too. Europeans traditionally fought themselves or even attacked the U.S.A. (burning the U.S. capitol in 1812). It was good to know that with N.A.T.O. formed the werewolf problem of recrudescent Germen Nazis or Italian fascists would not too easily recur, It was good to know that France and Germany could forge a new identity together fighting communism at least before French President Charles DeGaulle withdrew France from N.A.T.O. membership. It may be that N.A.T.O. wasn’t too helpful to France in the French-Algerian war and he resented that. If European N.A.T.O members hadn’t supported America’s Afghanistan invasion its leadership would have worried about American support if Russia should attack-something it wasn’t likely to do.
So far as I know Russia has never attacked the West. Adolph Hitler signed a deal with Stalin enabling Stalin to attack Finland-yet that was a special case with Stalin perhaps a little incentivized to appease the dictator in return for some real estate. With Hitler receiving assurances that Stalin would not attack from the east if the Nazis attacked the west, the Nazi game was on. European N.A.T.O. memberships preclude much potential for intra-European military scrumming.
Europeans, it should be recalled, are quite subject to social determinism. There is less social room for movement as well as less vacant land space for movement or expansion in Europe than the U.S.A.. Lebensraum was a rational for Nazis. Conflicts often arise because people are unable to leave their highly determined social roles-even at a national level. The First World War was set into motion with automatic alliances and mobilizations.
Americans had less physical social determinism thanEuropeans because of the unpopulated land where only 3 or 4 millions pre-Columbian orgin natives lived (in the area that is today the U.S.A.). The recent Obamacare health policy is a movement of modern social determinism snaring every citizen for corporatism and making it difficult to live a poor nomadic national existence with health care. That freedom of land, movement and social existence in American heritage makes it difficult for Americans to recognize how much social determinism still shapes political affairs in Europe especially in how political actors fill their roles. EC changes and the ending of the Iron Curtain permitted more freedom of movement for ordinary people yet powers of control will inevitably re-cinch determinist nooses.
Americans have supplied military muscle to keep Europe free from either German hostile takeover or communist dictatorship. Supplying the intellectual muscle is a little more challenging for Americans. In the present political environment Americans should think hard about how to let Russia have hegemony east of the Dnepr in Ukraine and return to normalize economic relations and close social cooperation with Russia-a nation in land-population ratio more like America than Europe. There are pressing economic and environmental concerns that need to be addressed directly as demographics of the Earth continue to outpace the capacity of institutions to recognize and successful respond to the challenges. The Ukrainian billionaire President wants NATO to fight his battles for him with the warning to Western Europe that the Eastern Ukraine could be the start of a domino effect where all of the EC fall one at a time to Vladimir Putin. I can hardly wait till Vienna becomes the winter Kremin and London the major producer of vodka.
The United States and Europe as N.A.T.O. members face few conventional threats. South Americans don’t seem likely to invade Europe soon though Taco Bell may be expanding its menu. Australia and Africa don’t seem ready to kick over Norway or Sweden. China is a potential future military threat yet that’s kind of tentative right now . Besides, China is a fertile nation for economic investment-it is inconvenient to posture about a Chinese military threat for N.A.T.O. leaders. So Russia is the old reliable threat for N.A.T.O. leaders. Like preceding large post-Korean war era interventions the object nation N.A.T.O. is concerned over is not a member of N.A.T.O., nor should it be. Russian, European and American economic security are threatened and adversely impacted by N.A.T.O. actions concerning Ukraine and Syria.
One of the troubles with expanding a political alliance too broadly is that the potential for internal breakup increases with size as do the problems implicit in its breakdown. When an alliance is a mile wide and an inch deep it may freeze and wind can transport stones around rolling over the surface (that makes as much sense as some present NATO policy). N.A.T.O. parameters for mutual defense against external threats have become less effective as the nature of the threats have changed. China defends against Muslim terror and is not a member of N.A.T.O.
With the rise of ISIS in the post-invasion chaos of Iraq there are far more terrorists with excellent training funded ironically by American and N.A.T.O. efforts than in 2001. N.A.T.O. members promoted development of the Syrian Civil war with rhetorical and material support perhaps to give themselves something to so. With the appearance and proliferation of new technology in that region counseling patience and slow political evolution organically would have been a better way. At least three million people would not have been made homeless with something like 194,000 dead.
Did promotion of the Syrian civil war enhance N.A.T.O. member security? Britain recently declared its second highest terror alert level –severe- because of the danger posed by Caliphate members with British passports who might return home to blast civilians to bits. The Middle East is saturated with loose plastic explosives and ISIS has more than a half billion dollars in cash after robbing a bank in Mosul. ISIS might afford to exfiltrate packages of semtex to England. The U.S. Government is concerned about American citizens-some from Minneapolis Minnesota that are fighting for the Caliphate in Iraq or Syria who might return to attack Boston, New York, San Francisco, D.C. or London-hubs of radical godless atheist, homosexual politics.
Muslim terrorism is the greatest clear and present threat to N.A.T.O. nations. King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia has warned the west about the Caliphate's potential for attack. Prior N.A.T.O. responses have thrown accelerants upon formation of Muslim terrorists. Though Russia has been very helpful in combating Muslim terrorism since the end of the cold war, N.A.T.O. is quick to put economic sanctions on Russia, stimulate a civil war in Syria and Ukraine-where no conflict would have arisen if the natural balance was not changed with interventionist policies, and N.A.T.O. member security has been degraded.
Global Islam has no conventional borders. The Islamic State aka the Caliphate synthetically appearing in areas of Syria and Iraq is an example of the transcendental nature of the Muslim political identity. In the U.S.A. it is called the nation of Islam; the fundamental concept of Islam is a world without borders ruled by Sharia law wherein all bow to Mecca. N.A.T.O. has no rational strategy for addressing its primary political-para-military challenge as it has allowed liberal Muslim immigration policies for decades.
N.A.T.O. member immigration policies were set in the post-Nazi era to act against racism and to exploit cheap labor from immigrants. The redistribution of people of various races for racial reasons seems implicitly racist, yet the prevailing sentiments about racial redistribution of an historical period do follow economic interests. It is worth remembering that the United States with the largest nuclear arsenal in the world besides that of the Soviet Union exercised a lot of political influence…there were many yes men nations in Europe both former allies and former enemies. That much power can dull a nation’s need for critical political thought-it simply has so much power that a reductionism to us or them may be all that is necessary.
Being us is the infallible advantage it might be thought. In that security of power arise the inflexibility and ossification that many mature powers have experienced over the course of history as Toynbee noted in A Study of History. The philosopher Allan Watts wrote a book named The Wisdom of Insecurity. Whatever gives political leaders cause to circumstantially reevaluate their political situation may be good. Simple confident assumptions about power structures and threats that are more real in inertial appearance rather than actual, and hidden dangers built structurally in one’s own actions can make N.AT.O. ineffective at defending European and American security.
Since the Cold War, N.A.T.O. interventions have been out of phase with its reason for being. Intervening in the Yugoslav civil war was not an action in response to an attack on a N.A.T.O. member, neither was Kuwait a member of N.A.T.O., nor did Iraq attack a member of N.A.T.O. before several N.A.T.O. members joined the coalition of the willing to invade and occupy Iraq. It is difficult to say that the Afghanistan attacked a N.A.T.O. member. Instead Khalid Sheik Mohammed-a terrorist organizer from Baluchistan, designed a plan to crash planes into building across the U.S.A., the international terrorist organizer and financier Osama Bin Laden scaled back the plan and focused it upon New York and Washington D.C. and the Taliban provided refuge to the terrorists. The decision to send N.A.T.O. to occupy Afghanistan was the knee-jerk response-a policy that has been costly with uncertain long range results.
In the year 1994 while N.A.T.O. was bombing the heck out of Serbia Russian President Boris Yeltsin acting under Bill Clinton’s influence signed away the Ukraine. With uncertainty even as to who or what a hypothetical new Russian Federation would be or become in the post-Soviet new Russian order and without an effective military at his command Yeltsin gave up on the indefensible Ukraine. N.A.T.O. was not in disarray. The U.S. military forces in Europe and worldwide were primed and ready to attack a Soviet enemy that had dissolved. The power of a Yeltsin government to hold on to Ukraine was not existent. Like V.I. Lenin giving away Ukraine to a victorious Germany that had defeated the Tsar’s army as a land-for-peace deal, Yeltsin gave away Ukraine. Moral arguments of the west to hold on to all of the Ukraine are not well-founded. Instead they lie in force de majeure.
Western nations have historically sought to capture the Ukraine from Russia taking it like an overly burdensome fruit waiting on a branch for plucking. Swedes, Teutonic Knights, Napoleon, Kaiser Wilhelm and Adolph Hitler were prior aggressive warriors invading Russia. The Kaiser, like President Bill Clinton, possessed military power advantages over Russia and Boris Yeltsin like Vladimir Lenin before him signed away the Ukraine to buy a period of relief. This time Washington provided certain economic benefits yet those would not prevent a natural long-term effort for Russia to recover its missing limb. Russia is probably not planning an invasion of Paris or battle of Britain.
N.A.T.O. construction of long-range political instability that promotes curtailment of Russian-N.A.T.O. counter-terror and economic security is bad policy, yet that is the way bureaucracies surge ahead inertially as the most doctrinaire rise to the top pounding on the pulpit of paranoia. Democracy morphing to corporatism are run from the top-down like structuring programming language. The people of Ukraine probably want peace, security, prosperity and freedom and don’t care much who is running the government in an era when governments are run by and for elites- elites that don’t mind breaking a few hundred thousand eggs to make Wall Street omelets rise in value.
So today Russia is struggling to recover some of its Ukrainian possession or at least secure independence for Russians living in the region. N.A.T.O. Chief Rasmussen made grandiose, nationalistic form statements about international obligations of Russian (to give up the Ukraine). The natural Russian sphere of influence and security in Ukraine is targeted by anachronistic N.A.T.O. leadership. Without Russia as an enemy N.A.T.O. has little obvious reason to exist except perhaps to keep its own members in line.
One of the primary roles of N.A.T.O. is to defend not just against external threats but against internal threats too. Europeans traditionally fought themselves or even attacked the U.S.A. (burning the U.S. capitol in 1812). It was good to know that with N.A.T.O. formed the werewolf problem of recrudescent Germen Nazis or Italian fascists would not too easily recur, It was good to know that France and Germany could forge a new identity together fighting communism at least before French President Charles DeGaulle withdrew France from N.A.T.O. membership. It may be that N.A.T.O. wasn’t too helpful to France in the French-Algerian war and he resented that. If European N.A.T.O members hadn’t supported America’s Afghanistan invasion its leadership would have worried about American support if Russia should attack-something it wasn’t likely to do.
So far as I know Russia has never attacked the West. Adolph Hitler signed a deal with Stalin enabling Stalin to attack Finland-yet that was a special case with Stalin perhaps a little incentivized to appease the dictator in return for some real estate. With Hitler receiving assurances that Stalin would not attack from the east if the Nazis attacked the west, the Nazi game was on. European N.A.T.O. memberships preclude much potential for intra-European military scrumming.
Europeans, it should be recalled, are quite subject to social determinism. There is less social room for movement as well as less vacant land space for movement or expansion in Europe than the U.S.A.. Lebensraum was a rational for Nazis. Conflicts often arise because people are unable to leave their highly determined social roles-even at a national level. The First World War was set into motion with automatic alliances and mobilizations.
Americans had less physical social determinism thanEuropeans because of the unpopulated land where only 3 or 4 millions pre-Columbian orgin natives lived (in the area that is today the U.S.A.). The recent Obamacare health policy is a movement of modern social determinism snaring every citizen for corporatism and making it difficult to live a poor nomadic national existence with health care. That freedom of land, movement and social existence in American heritage makes it difficult for Americans to recognize how much social determinism still shapes political affairs in Europe especially in how political actors fill their roles. EC changes and the ending of the Iron Curtain permitted more freedom of movement for ordinary people yet powers of control will inevitably re-cinch determinist nooses.
Americans have supplied military muscle to keep Europe free from either German hostile takeover or communist dictatorship. Supplying the intellectual muscle is a little more challenging for Americans. In the present political environment Americans should think hard about how to let Russia have hegemony east of the Dnepr in Ukraine and return to normalize economic relations and close social cooperation with Russia-a nation in land-population ratio more like America than Europe. There are pressing economic and environmental concerns that need to be addressed directly as demographics of the Earth continue to outpace the capacity of institutions to recognize and successful respond to the challenges. The Ukrainian billionaire President wants NATO to fight his battles for him with the warning to Western Europe that the Eastern Ukraine could be the start of a domino effect where all of the EC fall one at a time to Vladimir Putin. I can hardly wait till Vienna becomes the winter Kremin and London the major producer of vodka.
The United States and Europe as N.A.T.O. members face few conventional threats. South Americans don’t seem likely to invade Europe soon though Taco Bell may be expanding its menu. Australia and Africa don’t seem ready to kick over Norway or Sweden. China is a potential future military threat yet that’s kind of tentative right now . Besides, China is a fertile nation for economic investment-it is inconvenient to posture about a Chinese military threat for N.A.T.O. leaders. So Russia is the old reliable threat for N.A.T.O. leaders. Like preceding large post-Korean war era interventions the object nation N.A.T.O. is concerned over is not a member of N.A.T.O., nor should it be. Russian, European and American economic security are threatened and adversely impacted by N.A.T.O. actions concerning Ukraine and Syria.
One of the troubles with expanding a political alliance too broadly is that the potential for internal breakup increases with size as do the problems implicit in its breakdown. When an alliance is a mile wide and an inch deep it may freeze and wind can transport stones around rolling over the surface (that makes as much sense as some present NATO policy). N.A.T.O. parameters for mutual defense against external threats have become less effective as the nature of the threats have changed. China defends against Muslim terror and is not a member of N.A.T.O.
With the rise of ISIS in the post-invasion chaos of Iraq there are far more terrorists with excellent training funded ironically by American and N.A.T.O. efforts than in 2001. N.A.T.O. members promoted development of the Syrian Civil war with rhetorical and material support perhaps to give themselves something to so. With the appearance and proliferation of new technology in that region counseling patience and slow political evolution organically would have been a better way. At least three million people would not have been made homeless with something like 194,000 dead.
Did promotion of the Syrian civil war enhance N.A.T.O. member security? Britain recently declared its second highest terror alert level –severe- because of the danger posed by Caliphate members with British passports who might return home to blast civilians to bits. The Middle East is saturated with loose plastic explosives and ISIS has more than a half billion dollars in cash after robbing a bank in Mosul. ISIS might afford to exfiltrate packages of semtex to England. The U.S. Government is concerned about American citizens-some from Minneapolis Minnesota that are fighting for the Caliphate in Iraq or Syria who might return to attack Boston, New York, San Francisco, D.C. or London-hubs of radical godless atheist, homosexual politics.
Muslim terrorism is the greatest clear and present threat to N.A.T.O. nations. King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia has warned the west about the Caliphate's potential for attack. Prior N.A.T.O. responses have thrown accelerants upon formation of Muslim terrorists. Though Russia has been very helpful in combating Muslim terrorism since the end of the cold war, N.A.T.O. is quick to put economic sanctions on Russia, stimulate a civil war in Syria and Ukraine-where no conflict would have arisen if the natural balance was not changed with interventionist policies, and N.A.T.O. member security has been degraded.
Global Islam has no conventional borders. The Islamic State aka the Caliphate synthetically appearing in areas of Syria and Iraq is an example of the transcendental nature of the Muslim political identity. In the U.S.A. it is called the nation of Islam; the fundamental concept of Islam is a world without borders ruled by Sharia law wherein all bow to Mecca. N.A.T.O. has no rational strategy for addressing its primary political-para-military challenge as it has allowed liberal Muslim immigration policies for decades.
N.A.T.O. member immigration policies were set in the post-Nazi era to act against racism and to exploit cheap labor from immigrants. The redistribution of people of various races for racial reasons seems implicitly racist, yet the prevailing sentiments about racial redistribution of an historical period do follow economic interests. It is worth remembering that the United States with the largest nuclear arsenal in the world besides that of the Soviet Union exercised a lot of political influence…there were many yes men nations in Europe both former allies and former enemies. That much power can dull a nation’s need for critical political thought-it simply has so much power that a reductionism to us or them may be all that is necessary.
Being us is the infallible advantage it might be thought. In that security of power arise the inflexibility and ossification that many mature powers have experienced over the course of history as Toynbee noted in A Study of History. The philosopher Allan Watts wrote a book named The Wisdom of Insecurity. Whatever gives political leaders cause to circumstantially reevaluate their political situation may be good. Simple confident assumptions about power structures and threats that are more real in inertial appearance rather than actual, and hidden dangers built structurally in one’s own actions can make N.AT.O. ineffective at defending European and American security.
27 August 2014
Nakamura Draws With Aronian in First Round of 2014 Sinquefield Cup
America's number one and world's number five ranked chess player Hikaru Nakamaru (age 26) drew his first round game with the World's number two ranked player, Levon Aronian of Armenia at today's opening round of the 2014 Sinquuefield Cup in St. Louis.
In other matches Fabiano Caruana of Italy defeated former world champion Veselin Topolov of Bulgaria. World Champion Magnus Carlsen of Norway drew with Maxime Vachier-Lagrave of France.
The 2014 Sinquefield Cup is the highest rated match in the history of chess with six of nine highest ranking grandmasters playing. That is quite a concept with so many great players in the past such as Capablanca, Kasparov, Fischer, Karpov, Morphy, Tal etc... There are about 1000 grandmasters in the world and those with a rating above 2700 are regarded as Super GMs.
https://arena.chessdom.com/#/stream_tournaments/show/433
In other matches Fabiano Caruana of Italy defeated former world champion Veselin Topolov of Bulgaria. World Champion Magnus Carlsen of Norway drew with Maxime Vachier-Lagrave of France.
The 2014 Sinquefield Cup is the highest rated match in the history of chess with six of nine highest ranking grandmasters playing. That is quite a concept with so many great players in the past such as Capablanca, Kasparov, Fischer, Karpov, Morphy, Tal etc... There are about 1000 grandmasters in the world and those with a rating above 2700 are regarded as Super GMs.
https://arena.chessdom.com/#/stream_tournaments/show/433
The Holy Spirit in Regard to Space, Time and History
The Holy Spirit is thought
of as one person of the Trinity. The word person is used in recognition of the
identity of an individual sentient being. With God whom is the transcending
omnipotent, omniscient being, the differentiation from monism to pluralism is
challenging to understand. One wonders what could differentiates or forms
boundaries within the being of God such that differences could exist yet
equally as well one might wonder how God could not have primary differentiation
in order to achieve better intellect or capacity such as one finds in moving
from monocular to binocular vision. The Holy Spirit is God, yet so are the
Father and the Son.
It is a little difficult to
describe the Holy Spirit without describing the Father and the Son for each
cohere within God and comprise the essential nature of God as a triune being
from whom all good things are made to exist (though one might have an opinion
that all things always exist in some nook within the infinite spatio-temporal,
non-spatio-atemporal- memory as reality -knowledge of God). The Holy Spirit is
held to have always existed as have the Father and Son.
Obviously scientists would
want find in that an interest in deconstructing a synthesis as they might find
a synthesis in the history of human R.N.A. and mitochondrial D.N.A. or the
evolution of a given government bureaucracy such as Homeland Security from
prior bureaucracies. The trinity though is something more than what a Nobel
Prize winning physicist wrote about phase changes generating new wholes
that are greater than the sum of the parts in a book called ‘Reinventing
Physics from the Bottom Up’. Existence and creation may be enabled because of
the complexity possible with the Trinity.
Albert Einstein had a friend
and fellow physicist (Paul Ehrenfrest) who discovered the principle that three
dimensions of space and one of time seems to be the ideal configuration for the
existence of atoms. With fewer dimensions of space atoms either could not exist
as complex structures and with more dimensions the formation of atoms would be
too difficult and simple motions would not be possible. Nuclear valence shells
would be obstructed by complexity; electrons could not orbit a nucleus and so
forth.
If atoms exist in three
dimensions of space it is possible that they are made up of one or two
dimensional strings at a very fundamental level. At a larger level membrane of
space-time may collide to generate energy or membranes of spatial dimensions
may intersect and move along creating an appearance of the passage of time for
humans or other sentient beings existing within the intersecting ‘branes’. In that context space ‘branes’ would have
field energy that generates complexity after collisions. That complexity seem like
a big bang and a Universe of particles could appear as detritus. That has been
compared to a collision in a particle accelerator. This is all natural
philosophy view by humanity within some existing realm willed by God to exist.
Various fields and branes, if they exist, would be pluralistic creations will
by God to exist. In the infinite power of God all things are possible including
an infinite generation of spatial membranes.
The Holy Spirit as one of
the trinity has a special role enabling communication with humanity and
providing grace unto humanity though the world is itself complex and
challenging to exist within. The Holy Spirit has more power than even gravity
to transcend the criterion of mass, for gravity acts without differentiation
upon all mass with only massless particles being uninfluenced by it, while the
Holy Spirit can act specifically upon individuals as the will of God deems. The
Trinity may be the way God interacts with all created things while for-himself
He just is.
God exists in a heterodox
fashion with things existing eternally one might guess as an essential
attribute. The Holy Spirit is God as are the Father and Son, yet one might also
regard the Holy Spirit from the perspective of existential relations of
being-for-others. In that sense one finds the Holy Spirit to be little different-a Person of Holiness and
excellence drawing human beings toward the perfect and good, the true and
righteous, to a directions leading to fulfillment of the purposes of God.
Through revelation human beings learn of the Holy Spirit. It is only as created
beings that humanity can regard the Holy Spirit. What or how the Holy Spirit is
for-himself or more accurately what God is like for-himself human beings simply
cannot know. The most close we can get to that is through Jesus Christ, as
Jesus informed us in his special prayer of renormalization unto one-ness.
In order to provide a
measure of comparison of what I have written here to the historical context of
what has been written about the Holy Spirit I will provide a substantial quote
from a Christian historian on the Holy Spirit. It is interesting to see how a
writer’s knowledge-base affects his approaches for writing about a topic that
has existed for writers as a topic for millennia. It occurs to me for example,
that the problem of free will and determinism can be approached differently
today with string and atomic theory cosmology than during the early Christian
era, of course it wasn’t necessary to develop apologetics or replies to quantum
physics or the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle, General Relativity or quantum
teleportation in the first century A.D. With all of that it is illuminating to
consider that the Holy Spirit would seem to implicitly have an advantage in
acting within and through deterministic sectors of space-time mass and/or
energy configured as human life and human affairs. One also might wonder how
God can effect deterministic space-time mass or energy once it is set in
motion. Though brane theory can negate the need for local brane motion when the
appearance of motion can arise through intersecting, traveling branes, some
motion does seem to exist at at least one meta-level of brane existence or in a
variegated field of branes. With the uncertainty principle perhaps arising because
of the difference in space-mass-energy configurations on intersecting branes
yet at any rate required for freedom-of-movement within an overall
deterministic field, the Holy Spirit can act directly beyond and through any
given configuration of branes, entangled mass energy, fields, strings or other
atomic structure…helpful indeed for the fallen and lost human race.
Holy Spirit (page 503) and
the Trinity (page 507) in volume 2 of Schaff’s History of the Christian Church; (in the public domain).
Quote-“The doctrine of the Holy Spirit was far less developed, and until the
middle of the fourth century was never a subject of special controversy. So in
the Apostles’ Creed, only one article is devoted to the third person of the
holy Trinity, while the confession of the Son of God, in six or seven articles,
forms the body of the symbol. Even the original Nicene Creed breaks off
abruptly with the words: "And in the Holy Spirit;" the other clauses
being later additions. Logical knowledge appears to be here still further
removed than in Christology from the living substance of faith. This period was
still in immediate contact with the fresh spiritual life of the apostolic,
still witnessed the lingering operations of the extraordinary gifts, and
experienced in full measure the regenerating, sanctifying, and comforting
influences of the divine Spirit in life, suffering, and death; but, as to the
theological definition of the nature and work of the Spirit, it remained in
many respects confused and wavering down to the Nicene age.
Yet rationalistic historians go quite
too far when, among other accusations, they
charge the early church with making the
Holy Spirit identical with the Logos. To confound the functions, as in
attributing the inspiration of the prophets, for example, now to the Holy
Spirit, now to the Logos, is by no means to confound the persons. On the
contrary, the thorough investigations of recent times show plainly that the
ante-Nicene fathers, with the exception of the Monarchians and perhaps
Lactantius, agreed in the two fundamental points, that the Holy Spirit, the
sole agent in the application of redemption, is a supernatural divine being,
and that he is an independent person; thus closely allied to the Father and the
Son yet hypostatically different from them both. This was the practical
conception, as demanded even by the formula of baptism. But instead of making
the Holy Spirit strictly coordinate with the other divine persons, as the
Nicene doctrine does, it commonly left him subordinate to the Father and the
Son.
So in Justin, the pioneer of scientific
discovery in Pneumatology as well as in Christology. He refutes the heathen
charge of atheism with the explanation, that the Christians worship the Creator
of the universe, in the second place the Son, in the third
the prophetic Spirit; placing the three
divine hypostases in a descending gradation
as objects of worship. In another
passage, quite similar, he interposes the host of good
angels between the Son and the Spirit,
and thus favors the inference that he regarded the Holy Ghost himself as akin
to the angels and therefore a created being. But aside from the obscurity and
ambiguity of the words relating to the angelic host, the coordination of the
Holy Ghost with the angels is utterly precluded by many other expressions of
Justin, in which he exalts the Spirit far above the sphere of all created
being, and challenges for the members of the divine trinity a worship forbidden
to angels. The leading function of the Holy Spirit, with him, as with other apologists,
is the inspiration of the Old Testament prophets. In general the Spirit
conducted the Jewish theocracy, and qualified the theocratic officers. All his
gifts concentrated themselves finally in Christ; and thence they pass to the
faithful in the church. It is a striking fact, however, that Justin in only two
passages refers the new moral life of the Christian to the Spirit, he commonly
represents the Logos as its fountain. He lacks all insight into the distinction
of the Old Testament Spirit and the New, and urges their identity in opposition
to the Gnostics.
In Clement of Alexandria we find very
little progress beyond this point. Yet he calls
the Holy Spirit the third member of the
sacred triad, and requires thanksgiving to be addressed to him as to the Son
and the Father.
Origen vacillates in his Pneumatology
still more than in his Christology between
orthodox and heterodox views. He
ascribes to the Holy Spirit eternal existence, exalts him, as he does the Son,
far above all creatures and considers him the source of all charisms,
especially as the principle of all the illumination and holiness of believers
under the Old Covenant and the New. But he places the Spirit in essence,
dignity, and efficiency below the Son, as far as he places the Son below the
Father; and though he grants in one passage that the Bible nowhere calls the
Holy Spirit a creature, yet, according to another somewhat obscure sentence, he
himself inclines towards the view, which, however he does not avow that the
Holy Spirit had a beginning (though, according to his system, not in time but
from eternity), and is the first and most excellent of all the beings produced
by the Logos.
In the same connection he adduces three
opinions concerning the Holy Spirit; one regarding him as not having an origin;
another, ascribing to him no separate personality; and a third, making him a
being originated by the Logos. The first of these opinions he rejects because
the Father alone is without origin (ἀγέννητος); the second he rejects because in Matt. 12:32 the Spirit is plainly distinguished from the Father
and the Son; the third he takes for the true and scriptural view, because
everything was made by the Logos. Indeed, according to Matt. 12:32, the Holy Spirit would seem to stand
above the Son; but the sin against the Holy Ghost is more heinous than that
against the Son of Man, only because he who has received the Holy Spirit stands
higher than he who has merely the reason from the Logos.
Here again Irenaeus comes nearer than
the Alexandrians to the dogma of the perfect
substantial identity of the Spirit with
the Father and the Son; though his repeated figurative (but for this reason not
so definite) designation of the Son and Spirit as the "hands" of the
Father, by which he made all things, implies a certain subordination. He
differs from most of the Fathers in referring the Wisdom of the book of
Proverbs not to the Logos but to the Spirit; and hence must regard him as
eternal. Yet he was far from conceiving the Spirit a mere power or attribute;
he considered him an independent personality, like the Logos. "With
God" says he, "are ever the Word and the Wisdom, the Son and the
Spirit, through whom and in whom he freely made all things, to whom he said, ’Let
us make man in our image, after our likeness.’ "But he speaks more of the
operations than of the nature of the Holy Ghost. The Spirit predicted in the
prophets the coming of Christ; has been near to man in all divine ordinances;
communicates the knowledge of the Father and the Son; gives believers the
consciousness of sonship; is fellowship with Christ, the pledge of imperishable
life, and the ladder on which we ascend to God.
In the Montanistic system the Paraclete
occupies a peculiarly important place. He
appears there as the principle of the
highest stage of revelation, or of the church of the
consummation. Tertullian made the Holy
Spirit the proper essence of the church, but subordinated him to the Son, as he
did the Son to the Father, though elsewhere he asserts the "unitas
substantiae." In his view the Spirit proceeds "a Patre per
Filium," as the fruit from the root through the stem. The view of the
Trinity presented by Sabellius contributed to the suppression of these subordinatian
ideas.
§ 149. The Holy Trinity.
Comp. the works quoted in §144,
especially Petravius, Bull, Baur, and Dorner.
Here now we have the elements of the
dogma of the Trinity, that is, the doctrine of the
living, only true God, Father, Son, and
Spirit, of whom, through whom, and to whom are
all things. This dogma has a peculiar,
comprehensive, and definitive import in the Christian system, as a brief
summary of all the truths and blessings of revealed religion. Hence the
baptismal formula (Matt.
28:19), which forms the
basis of all the ancient creeds, is trinitarian; as is the apostolic
benediction also (2
Cor. 13:14 ). This doctrine meets us in the Scriptures,
however, not so much in direct statements and single expressions, of which the
two just mentioned are the clearest, as in great living facts; in the history
of a threefold revelation of the living God in the creation and government, the
reconciliation and redemption, and the sanctification and consummation of the
world—a history continued in the experience of Christendom. In the article of
the Trinity the Christian conception of God completely defines itself, in
distinction alike from the abstract monotheism of the Jewish religion, and from
the polytheism and dualism of the heathen. It has accordingly been looked upon
in all ages as the sacred symbol and the fundamental doctrine of the Christian
church, with the denial of which the divinity of Christ and the Holy Spirit,
and the divine character of the work of redemption and sanctification, fall to
the ground.
On this scriptural basis and the
Christian consciousness of a threefold relation we
sustain to God as our Maker, Redeemer,
and Sanctifier, the church dogma of the Trinity
arose; and it directly or indirectly
ruled even the ante-Nicene theology though it did not
attain its fixed definition till in the
Nicene age. It is primarily of a practical religious nature,
and speculative only in a secondary
sense. It arose not from the field of metaphysics, but from that of experience
and worship; and not as an abstract, isolated dogma, but in inseparable
connection with the study of Christ and of the Holy Spirit; especially in
connection with Christology, since all theology proceeds from "God in
Christ reconciling the world unto himself." Under the condition of
monotheism, this doctrine followed of necessity from the doctrine of the
divinity of Christ and of the Holy Spirit. The unity of God was already
immovably fixed by the Old Testament as a fundamental article of revealed
religion in opposition to all forms of idolatry. But the New Testament and the
Christian consciousness as firmly demanded faith in the divinity of the Son,
who effected redemption, and of the Holy Spirit, who founded the church and
dwells in believers; and these apparently contradictory interests could be reconciled
only in the form of the Trinity; that is, by distinguishing in the one and
indivisible essence of God three hypostases or persons; at the same time
allowing for the insufficiency of all human conceptions and words to describe
such an unfathomable mystery.
The Socinian and rationalistic opinion,
that the church doctrine of the Trinity
sprang from Platonism and Neo-Platonism
is therefore radically false. The
Indian Trimurti, altogether pantheistic
in spirit, is still further from the Christian Trinity.
Only thus much is true, that the
Hellenic philosophy operated from without, as a stimulating force, upon the
form of the whole patristic theology, the doctrines of the Logos and the
Trinity among the rest; and that the deeper minds of heathen antiquity showed a
presentiment of a threefold distinction in the divine essence: but only a
remote and vague presentiment which, like all the deeper instincts of the
heathen mind, serves to strengthen the Christian truth. Far clearer and more
fruitful suggestions presented themselves in the Old Testament, particularly in
the doctrines of the Messiah, of the Spirit, of the Word, and of the Wisdom of
God, and even in the system of symbolical numbers, which rests on the
sacredness of the numbers three (God), four (the world), seven and twelve (the
union of God and the world, hence the covenant numbers. But the mystery of the
Trinity could be fully revealed only in the New Testament after the completion
of the work of redemption and the outpouring of the Holy Spirit. The historical
manifestation of the Trinity is the condition of the knowledge of the
Trinity.”-endquote
25 August 2014
Nakamura Draws Two, Loses Two Against Stockfish
America's top chess player Hikaru Nakamura drew two games against the number one chess engine Stockfish in a series of four games recently. In the first draw Nakamura had benefit of an older version of another chess engine-Rybka. In another drawn game Stockfish played without one pawn-the H pawn. That handicap has been used for centuries by GMs playing against lesser opponents.
Not too bad a result for Nakamura considering how challenging it is to play against what is in effect a mathematical sort and dialectical networking forecast algorithm with games theory memory that makes few errors. Nakamura will not play in the Sinquefield cup in St. Louis that starts Wens. It is said to be the strongest group of chess players to play in the U.S.A. in a tournament ever. Nakamura is the number five ranked player in the world at 2787 and will play in the 2014 Sinquefield.
http://www.uschesschamps.com/node/499 Sinquefield Cup 2014
Not too bad a result for Nakamura considering how challenging it is to play against what is in effect a mathematical sort and dialectical networking forecast algorithm with games theory memory that makes few errors. Nakamura will not play in the Sinquefield cup in St. Louis that starts Wens. It is said to be the strongest group of chess players to play in the U.S.A. in a tournament ever. Nakamura is the number five ranked player in the world at 2787 and will play in the 2014 Sinquefield.
http://www.uschesschamps.com/node/499 Sinquefield Cup 2014
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