Comparing Plato's soul and Freud's psyche

 Plato and Freud’s concepts respectively of the soul and the psyche can be compared. That is a good question. Each has three distinct parts; appetite spirit, and reason versus id, ego, and superego. Each has an etymology from psyche in Greek.

Plato’s troika is eternal while Freud’s is a temporal process (presumably). Neither has a purely material or physical existence although they occur in the matter of the brain. Each appear to be a way of classifying characteristics of human experience that today might be explained away through entirely material processes, yet one might also explain away matter through quantum phenomena like the Higgs field as well leaving nothing besides spirit at the heart of anything (in a sense like that of Leibnitz and his one-dimension spiritual monads could be taken as representative of a member of a set of theoretical spiritual structures sustaining energy).

Modern moral acts

 In my opinion morally acceptable acts (for those are determined by social consensus) are usual therefore immoral acts are easier to define. For example, if A through Z behaviors are regarded as moral, and numbers -1…-10 are immoral behaviors, in a book full of letters the numbers stand out so even speed readers can see them.

Because morality is defined by actual social behavior that passes without substantive reproof when the majority is wrong about the right or wrongness of moral acts good and moral acts may be punished and immoral acts rewarded.

Socrates noted a particular kind of situation in a different context- one where a completely evil guy is enriched, promoted and admired socially though he has a hidden side of wickedness unknown to the public, and the public is fooled into believing the fellow is a paragon of goodness.

If there are transcendent moral systems, rule based, that are absolute, deontological duties given by God (actually) then failure to cohere within moral norms have a high possibility of eternal or significant negative reinforcement. If morality is determined by ruling pejorative political opinions that Democrats, for instance, or Chief Justice Roberts force upon the public with the help of the corporate world who enjoy manipulating the public perhaps into easy compliance with behaviors that reinforcement social stratification through the concentration of wealth, then negative reinforcement may be more proximal in regard pejoratively defined immoral behavior such as writing publicly in opposition to homosexual marriage.

Cancelling moral norms of thousands of years longevity as functions and derivatives of evolution theory and population density globally may be approved for various political and economic reasons as simple ways to evolve political economy democratically (nominally at least though it is forced by elites). Relatively abstractly designed artificial new moral norms engineered to advance temporal political economics may have unintended consequences of less than optimal substance in comparison to moral criteria satisfying all sides or most sides concerned with important moral issues.

The First Poet

Humanity did not begin thinking with the invention of writing. Actually humans were able to think as long ago as 100,000 B.C.E. Besides inventing spears they may have invented thought with recurrent word patterns and phrases, for they were able to think with more than onomatopoeic grunts. Things like “you put the lime in the coconut, mix them both up, put the lime in the coconut, drink them together”…repeat. Early recurrent or rhyming phrases could be as old as art. Apparently recent discoveries have been made that indicate Neanderthals may have painted cave art too.

There were oral traditions in numerous cultures (notably Semitic) of keeping history in something like verse because that is easier to remember and probably preceded the invention of writing. Arabs were keeping such histories unto the time of Mohammed. British bards wondered about with historic, entertaining neo-truths for performance long before literacy became ubiquitous At least one prisoner in the Soviet Gulag used the same method according to Solzhenitsyn, writing thousands of lines with clever first letter in order line keys to help recall the content.

Those first letter keys are considered acrostics and have occurred at least as early as the court of Solomon in the 10th century B.C. Acrostics in the Hebrew Bible The verses of proverbs may be regarded as actual poetry. Maybe Solomon was the first literary poet, Oral poetry would have found the use of clever poetic feet challenging, and thus it is slow to appear in history and is found first in the Hebrew Bible perhaps, and later is developed more fully with the ancient Greek poets.

Enheduanna of the ancient civilization of Sumer is sometimes credited with being the first poet because the Sumerians invented writing circa the 30th century B.C.E. (although I seem to recall reading somewhere that fragments of the Gilgamesh epic were dated to the 4th century B.C.E. and maybe the 5th). She wrote hymns to a pagan deity. Sumerians were able to write on clay tablets for posterity.

The wikipedia article on Sumerian literature leaves the verdict on Sumerian poetry open; there isn’t enough evidence to form an open on the hymns of Erheduanna or other Sumerians being verse and poetry though they might have been couplets etc.

“Most Sumerian literature is written in left-justified lines,[1] and could contain line-based organization such as the couplet or the stanza,[2] but the Sumerian definition of poetry is unknown. It is not rhymed,[3][4] although “comparable effects were sometimes exploited.”[5] It did not use syllabo-tonic versification,[6] and the writing system precludes detection of rhythm, metre, rhyme,[7][8] or alliteration.[9] Quantitative analysis of other possible poetic features seems to be lacking, or has been intentionally hidden by the scribes who recorded the writing.”

Sumerian literature - Wikipedia

King David of Israel wrote the psalms that were in verse somewhat earlier than the Greek poets circa 1000 B.C.E. In Hebrew the form was couplets and triplets.

The Homeric poets were of the 3th century B.C.E. They wrote in dactylic pentameter. Hesiod was around that era and the first well-known woman poet of Greece named Sappho used a different meter, an Aeolic verse form called eponymously the Sapphic stanza in the 7th-6th centuries. Early Greek Poets Timeline

A poem for the differently-abled

In the dark of civilization

Beowolf lusted to slaughter Grendel

a neanderthalic remnant

half-bred to hide in the remaining colder region

with the noise of a dominant tide

rising above the din of glaciers melting down

fading away the dawn of time

had differential gears

nooks, crannies, skewers

eclectic celestial chords of discord

disquieting to the troubled and lost

wanderers around the margins

of the cultivated economy

where wars are profitable

even in potential the industry of death

removes the odd against discomfort

destroys the devastation of equality

with those differently abled

disarmed souls of silence

repressed by legions of drones

games of thrones.

Egalitarianism of knowledge in heaven?

 Socrates said once that ‘he knows that he knows nothing’. Socrates was wise in his philosophical opinion for numerous reasons. God is the one who knows.

The closer a soul draws unto God, I would think the greater the marvel at who He is. The Apostle Paul once wrote (1 Corinthians 2:2)…” I determined not to know any thing among you, save Jesus Christ, and him crucified.”

It may be that knowledge of God is all, and the rest merely details, as Einstein said ("I am not interested in this phenomenon or that phenomenon," Einstein had said earlier in his life. "I want to know God's thoughts – the rest are mere details”).

There may be a certain egalitarianism in heaven. Knowledge of God is where one stands in relation to the light of the world (Jesus Christ) . How much light one receives in heaven where there is no day or night probably is constant for all, for God is the source of all (revelation 22:5 5 And there shall be no night there; and they need no candle, neither light of the sun; for the Lord God giveth them light: and they shall reign for ever and ever.) God is constant and eternal.

Civilization on the morrow (a poem)

 

Tomorrow when civilization has merged questions

with structures, possibilities and economics

casts of players in concrete

where being and nothingness is a Higgs field

of neglected shadows, cabbages and kings

walking together in triplicate

you can see the disappointment in the faces

lost opportunities, dystopian actualizations, taxes

invasive arrows of outrageous egression

upwardly mobile to the downshaft

outsiders to the inner sanctums

pour themselves together

into mass per volume of renewable stone

molten with turmoil.

Economic crash, prisoners and reform

 It’s very hard to predict what would occur in the paradigm of economic depression concerning prisons. The Biden administration has said it will eliminate private prisons and create I would guess state-operated union job staffed facilities. Those have a sliding investment allocation in regard to how much is spent on prisons and prisoners. One may invest little or nothing and yet keep people in jail- look at how little Vietnamese P.O.W. camps for Americans cost the communists. Obviously reform is need on a large scale that would reduce costs before an economic crash.

Prison reform is one of the areas of governance that has a lot of expense and not enough new ideas. Computer c.p.u.’s improve from one generation to the next (about a year and a half) yet some human institutions never really get much more efficient at rehabilitating criminals. Plainly some prisoners were imprisoned in the reconstruction era in order to provide free or cheap convict labor, and some social classes prosper when an underclass requires much incarceration and supervision. Those are complex social problems that persist along with original sin and the challenges of making pervasive institutional improvements politically.